High-Temperature Macroscopic Entanglement

Entanglement as a function of effective coupling between light and mirror (k) and effective duration of coupling (x-axis). Maximal entanglement is shown in red.

PRL Via Raitio – Aires Ferreira, Ariel Guerreiro, and Vlatko Vedral have published novel results on high-temperature macroscopic entanglement in Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 060407 [arXiv, physicsweb]. “Can entanglement and the quantum behavior in physical systems survive at arbitrary high temperatures? In this Letter we show that this is the case for a electromagnetic field mode in an optical cavity with a movable mirror in a thermal state [...] Entanglement between a macroscopic mirror and a cavity mode field can arise due to radiation pressure at arbitrarily high temperatures as the system evolves in time. This is very surprising because it is commonly believed that high temperature completely destroys entanglement.“

Tunable flux qubit manipulated by fast pulses

Tunable flux qubit. (A) Double SQUID with two control coils. (B) Potential of the double SQUID in the symmetric case, relative energy levels. (C) Potential in the asymmetric case. Chiarello, cond-mat 0602464.

MQC Group Chiarello evaluates the physical parameters for operation of a tunable flux qubit, calculating dissipation and decoherence factors, and discussing the potential for employment of integrated rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic for qubit control.

High fidelity state tomography of capacitively shunted phase qubits UCSB Steffen et al. introduce a novel design concept for superconducting qubits – separating the capacitive element from the Josephson junction for improved qubit performance. Environmental coupling to the qubit is reduced by an order of magnitude; measurement fidelity improves to 90%. "This improved design enables the first demonstration of quantum state tomography with superconducting qubits using single shot measurements."

High-contrast dispersive readout of a superconducting flux qubit Delft Lupascu et al. demonstrate high-contrast state detection of a superconducting flux qubit by probing the microwave transmission of a nonlinear resonator based on a SQUID. "Measured contrast of Rabi oscillations is as high as 87%; of the missing 13%, only 3% is unaccounted for. Experiments involving two consecutive detection pulses are consistent with preparation of the qubit state by the first measurement."

Feedback control for communication with non-orthogonal states LSU Kurt Jacobs examines continuous implementation of optimal measurement for distinguishing between two non-orthogonal states. "Feedback control can be used during measurement to increase the rate at which the information regarding the initial preparation is obtained. Enhancement in the rate of information gain is achieved at the expense of reducing the total information which the measurement can extract in the long-time limit."

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Frontiers in Quantum Nanoscience Queensland/PiTP "Within a few years the lives of most people will be touched by the quantum revolution – a change as profound as cars, flight, antibiotics or the Internet. Most people have heard of nanotechnology as the building of new materials at the molecular or atomic scale. That’s the stone-axe age compared to what’s coming." Nanoscience and nanotechnology receive much attention in the media today. However almost all current work concentrates on very small scale classical devices. This conference looks ahead to the far more revolutionary developments expected once nanoscience ‘goes quantum’, and begins to use the full potential of quantum mechanical superposition, phase coherence, and entanglement. Conference resources include public surveys on classical and quantum nanoscience.

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Frequency dependence of multiphoton interference fringes in a superconducting qubit. Qubit switching probability plotted as a function of frequency and flux detuning in the limit of (A) strong driving and (B) weak driving signals. Symmetric patterns in peaks and valleys due to quantum interference are clearly observable. Oliver et al. Science 310.

Superconducting circuits and quantum information RIKEN You and Nori discuss recent advances in quantum information processing with superconducting circuits in the charge, flux and phase regimes. "The device can test Bell inequalities, produce Schrödinger cat states, and simulate the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment. Quantum engineering of macroscopic entangled states will surely play a central role in several future technologies."

Mach-Zehnder interferometry in a strongly driven superconducting qubit Lincoln Lab In Science 310 and cond-mat 0512691, Oliver et al. demonstrate Mach-Zehnder interferometry in a flux qubit. "The development of artificial atoms with lithographically defined superconducting circuits presents a new paradigm of quantum solid state physics, allowing the realization and exploration of new macroscopic quantum phenomena, and holding promise for applications in quantum computing [...] The generalization of optical Mach-Zehnder interferometry, performed in qubit phase space, provides an alternative means to manipulate and characterize the qubit in the strongly driven regime."

Dephasing of a superconducting qubit induced by photon noise Delft In PRL 95, 257002, Bertet et al. evaluate photon noise-induced dephasing in a superconducting flux qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillator. "Retaining quantum coherence is a central requirement in quantum information processing. Solid-state qubits, including superconducting ones, couple to environmental degrees of freedom that potentially lead to dephasing [...] By careful tuning of flux and current bias, long coherence times can be achieved with flux qubits."

Heisenberg limited measurements with superconducting circuits JPL Guillaume and Dowling describe an assembly of superconducting qubits in a single-mode cavity. Performing collective manipulations of the assembly to generate maximally entangled states, "this method can thus enable Heisenberg limited sensor technology with electric charge or magnetic field superconducting devices."

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Quantum coherent oscillations in a charge qubit Y. Nakamura, Yu.A. Pashkin, and J.S. Tsai. Nature, 398:786, 1999.

Tunable coupling scheme for flux qubits CREST-JST Niskanen, Nakamura and Tsai introduce a design for tunably coupling two flux qubits via a third high-frequency qubit, allowing the qubits to remain optimally-biased and shielded from harmful low-frequency flux noise. “The presented scheme is an experimentally realistic way of carrying out two-qubit gates, and should be easily extended to multiqubit systems.”

Quantum phase slip junctions Kavli Institute Delft Quantum phase slip is the exact dual to Cooper pair tunneling in the Josephson junction. In cond-mat 0511535, Mooij and Nazarov propose coherent quantum phase slip junctions. If experimentally verified, these junctions could yield applications as resonators or in fundamental current standards.

Scalable controlled gate operations KU In a recent submission to Physical Review A, Han and Yang present a novel approach to realize scalable, controlled-U gate operations with superconducting qubits coupled to a microwave cavity or in atomic qubits within cavity QED. “The method operates essentially by creating a single photon through one of the control SQUIDs, and then performing an arbitrary unitary transformation on the target SQUID with the assistance of the cavity photon.”

Decoherence and quantum measurement of Josephson qubits Stony Brook Doctoral dissertation, Kristian Rabenstein

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Towards Fullerene-Based Quantum Computing Oxford In quant-ph 0511198, Benjamin et al. report on recent investigation of C60 arrays as a potential architecture for coherent quantum information processing. “Molecular structures appear to be natural candidates for a quantum technology: individual atoms can support quantum superpositions for long periods, and such atoms can in principle be embedded in a permanent molecular scaffolding to form an array [...] Here we report our efforts, both experimental and theoretical, to create such a technology based on endohedral fullerenes or ‘buckyballs’. We describe our successes with respect to these criteria, along with the obstacles we are currently facing and the questions that remain to be addressed.”

Fullerene Molecules Left: A model of N@C60, illustrating that the nitrogen atom sits at the centre of the fullerene cage. Its electron wavefunction lies almost entirely inside, extending on the cage with only a 2% overlap. Right: The ‘peapod’ nanotube contains fullerenes packed in a pseudo-helical phase.

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Efficient evaluation of decoherence rates in complex Josephson circuits IBM Watson Theoretical analysis of the variables contributing to decoherence in Josephson flux qubits has led to order-of-magnitude extensions of coherence time in these circuits over recent years, assisting in both the design phase and control parameter optimization for increasingly-complex qubit circuitry. In cond-mat 0510843, DiVincenzo, Brito and Koch perform a complete quantitative analysis of the decoherence properties of a Josephson flux qubit, exploring relaxation and dephasing times from two different control circuits along an optimal line in the space of applied fluxes.

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Quantum Time Machines: What, Why and How? Queensland/Tokyo Tim Ralph presents a Qulink seminar on closed timelike curves in context of quantum information processing. “Whether time travel into the past is possible is an undecided physical question. Recently it has been noted that certain models of time travel for quantum particles do not lead to the same difficult paradoxes that arise for classical particles. Furthermore the types of quantum evolutions predicted for these ‘quantum time machines’ could give rise to a ’super’ quantum computer, able to solve problems thought to be intractable by any other means. In this talk I will discuss time machines in general, how quantum mechanics avoids the paradoxes and the unusual evolutions predicted. I will then argue that the requirements for realizing such machines are not as stringent as previously thought and I will propose “horizon technology” experiments which could test these ideas.”

Theoretical and Experimental Exploration of Time Reversal Formalism Applied to Entanglement IQC, Waterloo In quant-ph/0510048, Laforest, Laflamme and Baugh investigate time reversal of the Schrodinger equation in the context of teleportation. Experimental results are consistent with the interpretation that information can be seen as flowing backward in time through entanglement. “In this paper, we analyze whether the acausal flow of information in a teleportation protocol can actually be physical, or should only consist of a mathematical model. Using an NMR spectrometer, we have demonstrated experimental results faithful with the interpretation that, conditionally and in principle, entanglement seems like it can break the causality of time.”

RSFQ Circuits with Selective Dissipation for Coherent Quantum Information Processing VTT, Finland RSFQ, or rapid single flux quantum logic serves as a central component of HTMT, hybrid technology multi-threaded computing and other prototype high-performance architectures. In cond-mat/0510189, Hassel et al. investigate frequency-dependent damping as a means to reduce dissipation and subsequent decoherence in Josephson junction RSFQ/qubit circuits. “We derive criteria for the stability of such an arrangement, and discuss the effect on decoherence and the optimisation issues. We also design a simple flux generator aimed at manipulating flux qubits.”

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Life, the Universe and The Complexity Zoo IQC Waterloo In Shtetl-Optimized, Scott Aaronson waxes poetic on complexity theory: “Why is it so hard to explain that we don’t worry about [complexity classes] because we’re eccentric anal-retentives, but because we want to know whether a never-ending cavalcade of machines, each richer and more complicated than the last, might possibly succeed at a task on which any one machine must inevitably flounder – namely, the task of outracing time itself, of simulating cosmic history in an eyeblink, of seeing in the unformed clumps of an embryonic universe the swirl of every galaxy and flight of every hummingbird billions of years hence, like Almighty God Himself?”

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Workshop on Quantum and Classical Information Security ARDA/NSA/NSF/Caltech 15-18 December 2005 – “The workshop will bring together researchers from a variety of backgrounds who work on different aspects of classical and quantum information security. Participants will strive to identify issues and problems of common interest that can be effectively addressed by pooling their expertise.”

Flux Qubits as Trapped Ions RIKEN In quant-ph 0509236, Liu, Wei, Tsai and Nori propose a scalable superconducting circuit in which the qubits act as ‘trapped ions.’ The qubits are coupled to a ‘vibrating’ mode provided by a superconducting inductor-capacitor circuit, and interqubit couplings are selectively controlled by modulating the frequencies of the applied time-dependent magnetic flux.

Parametric Coupling for Flux Qubits Delft Pashkin and McDermott have independently demonstrated entanglement between superconducting qubits using a fixed linear coupling scheme. In cond-mat 0509799, Bertet, Harmans and Mooij propose a scalable architecture for two superconducting charge or flux qubits biased at symmetry points with unequal energy splittings. “The fixed-coupling strategy would be difficult to scale to a large number of qubits, and it is desirable to investigate more sophisticated schemes. Modulating the coupling constant between two qubits at the sum or difference of their two frequencies allows to bring them into resonance in the rotating frame. Switching on and off the modulation amounts to switching on and off the coupling which can be realized at nanosecond speed. We discuss various physical implementations of this idea, and find that our scheme can lead to rapid operation of a two-qubit gate.”